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Rayleigh–Bénard convection is a type of natural convection, occurring in a plane horizontal layer of fluid heated from below, in which the fluid develops a regular pattern of convection cells known as Bénard cells. Rayleigh–Bénard convection is one of the most commonly studied convection phenomena because of its analytical and experimental accessibility.〔 〕 The convection patterns are the most carefully examined example of self-organizing nonlinear systems.〔 〔 〕 Buoyancy, and hence gravity, is responsible for the appearance of convection cells. The initial movement is the upwelling of lesser density fluid from the heated bottom layer.〔 〕 This upwelling spontaneously organizes into a regular pattern of cells. ==Physical processes== The features of Rayleigh–Bénard convection can be obtained by a simple experiment first conducted by Henri Bénard, a French physicist, in 1900. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rayleigh–Bénard convection」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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